The Diagnostic Value of Serum TGF-β1, p2PSA Combined with PSA in Prostate Cancer

To investigate the diagnostic value of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), prostate-specific antigen isomer 2 (p2PSA) combined with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PCa).

From October 1, 2019 to September 1, 2022 we enrolled a total of 90 patients with PCa90 patients with PCa in the urology department of our hospital were selected as the PCa group, 90 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were selected as the BPH group, and 90 healthy people were selected as a healthy control group. The levels of TGF-β1, p2PSA and PSA in serum were detected, and the differences in TGF-β1, p2PSA and PSA levels among the three groups and PCa patients with different pathological parameters were compared. Univariate and Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of PCa. With pathological results as the 'gold standard', the diagnostic efficacy of TGF-β1, p2PSA and PSA alone and their combination for PCa was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

The levels of serum PSA, p2PSA, and TGF-β1 in the PCa group were higher than those in the BPH group and control group (P < .001), and those in BPH group were higher than those in the control group (P < .001). The serum indexes of PCa group increased with the increase of Glerson grade and TNM stage (P < .001). The serum indexes of patients with lymph and bone metastasis were significantly higher than those without lymph and bone metastasis (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that PSA, p2PSA and TGF-β1 were independent risk factors for PCa (P < .001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PSA, p2PSA, TGF-β1 and combined detection were 0.738, 0.862, 0.821 and 0.932, respectively. The AUC of combined detection was greater than that of single detection (P < .001).

The expression levels of serum TGF-β1, p2PSA and PSA are related to PCa and are independent risk factors for PCa. The combined detection of the three groups can improve the diagnostic efficacy of PCa. Combined testing improves diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer, allows for early intervention, and improves patient survival and confidence in treatment options. This will significantly improve the clinical management of prostate cancer. Future studies could explore other biomarkers or molecular indicators to further improve the accuracy of diagnosis and grading of prostate cancer. Additionally, differences between different populations and subtypes can be studied to better understand the heterogeneity of prostate cancer.