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Published on: June 23, 2023
Electroacupuncture on Postoperative Pain Control: A Systematic Review
Marco Antônio Hélio Silva1, Albert Ambram2, Lucas Longo3
1ORCID: 0000-0002-2320-7472, is a Medical Doctor with a private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Professor at Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Acupuncture Physician at Coastal Health Institute, Jacksonville, Florida.
Background:
Managing postoperative pain (POP) effectively is key to improving surgical recovery. Common medications (e.g., opioids) often cause adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, sedation, and respiratory depression. Electroacupuncture (EA) may be an effective alternative or complementary strategy for POP relief.
Objective:
To systematically examine studies evaluating EA as a neuromodulatory technique for managing POP.
Methods/Design:
We performed a systematic review of studies published within the last 5 years. We searched 7 databases: Scopus, Sage Journals, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect. Of 1,789 identified articles, 18 met inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped by whether they reported statistically significant effects, additional recovery-related outcomes, or no meaningful findings. Most studies provided Level 2 evidence.
Setting:
The reviewed research was conducted in various international clinical and academic institutions, although setting details were inconsistently reported.
Participants:
Participants included patients recovering from different types of surgery. Populations varied by age and surgical procedure and reporting on adverse events or dropouts was not uniform.
Interventions:
The intervention assessed was EA. Treatment parameters varied among the studies.
Primary Outcome Measures:
Pain intensity was the primary outcome, measured using standard scales (e.g., visual analog and numeric rating scales). Secondary outcomes included reductions in pain medication use and other recovery metrics.
Results:
Most studies demonstrated a significant reduction in pain following EA treatment. Overall, EA appeared to enhance pain control and support recovery.
Conclusions:
Evidence supports EA as a potential adjunct for POP management. High-quality studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and refine its use.
Keywords:
Electroacupuncture, Postoperative Pain, Systematic Review, Analgesia, Opioid-Sparing, Opioid Consumption, Integrative Medicine, Complementary Therapies.
