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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
Published on: January 11, 2016
Scaphoid Nonunions: Local Vascularized Bone Flaps
Justin C McCarty1, Ryoko Hamaguchi1, Kyle R Eberlin1
1Division of Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract:
If untreated, scaphoid nonunions may progress to scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse in a substantial portion of cases and may require salvage procedures. Multiple different techniques have been described to address scaphoid nonunion. Vascularized bone flaps (VBFs) are associated with faster time to union compared with nonvascularized grafts. Because these are local pedicled flaps, they do not require microsurgical anastomoses and should be within the armamentarium of all hand surgeons. Appropriately chosen local VBFs, can achieve union rates up to 90% to 100% in appropriately selected patients.
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