Comprehensive genomic characterization of HER2-low and HER2-0 breast cancer

The molecular underpinnings of HER2-low and HER2-0 (IHC 0) breast tumors remain poorly defined. Using genomic findings from 1039 patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer undergoing next-generation sequencing from 7/2013-12/2020, we compare results between HER2-low (n = 487, 47%) and HER2-0 tumors (n = 552, 53%). A significantly higher number of ERBB2 alleles (median copy count: 2.05) are observed among HER2-low tumors compared to HER2-0 (median copy count: 1.79; P = 2.36e-6), with HER2-0 tumors harboring a higher rate of ERBB2 hemideletions (31.1% vs. 14.5%). No other genomic alteration reaches significance after accounting for multiple hypothesis testing, and no significant differences in tumor mutational burden are observed between HER2-low and HER2-0 tumors (median: 7.26 mutations/megabase vs. 7.60 mutations/megabase, p = 0.24). Here, we show that the genomic landscape of HER2-low and HER2-0 tumors does not differ significantly, apart from a higher ERBB2 copy count among HER2-low tumors, and a higher rate of ERBB2 hemideletions in HER2-0 tumors.