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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

562
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
562
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

2.0K
The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
2.0K
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

358
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
358
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

218
Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
218
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

299
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
299
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

465
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
465

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Injection of Porcine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stroma Cells via Waterjet Technology
07:05

Injection of Porcine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stroma Cells via Waterjet Technology

Published on: November 23, 2021

1.9K

Large volume subcutaneous delivery using multi-orifice jet injection.

James W McKeage1, Andrew Z H Tan1, Andrew J Taberner2

  • 1Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|November 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Needle-free jet injection technology can now deliver large volumes of medication subcutaneously using a novel multi-orifice nozzle. This advancement offers a faster, potentially more comfortable alternative to traditional needles for drug delivery.

Keywords:
Drug deliveryJet injectionLarge volumeNeedle-freeSubcutaneous

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Needle-free jet injection offers an alternative to hypodermic needles for drug delivery.
  • Current limitations exist for subcutaneous delivery of large drug volumes.
  • Intravenous delivery is an alternative but can be invasive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a multi-orifice nozzle for needle-free, large-volume subcutaneous drug delivery.
  • To overcome the volume constraints of existing needle-free injection techniques.
  • To assess the feasibility of rapid, large-volume subcutaneous delivery.

Main Methods:

  • A prototype multi-orifice nozzle with up to seven orifices was designed and fabricated.
  • Injections of up to 2 mL were performed into ex vivo porcine tissue.
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to simulate multi-orifice jet injection.
  • Delivery success, jet speed, volume, and shape were measured.

Main Results:

  • Rapid (<0.15 s) delivery of up to 2 mL was achieved using three and seven orifices.
  • Delivery success rates were comparable between three and seven orifices.
  • CFD modeling indicated jet production is largely unaffected by orifice spacing (3 mm to 48 mm).
  • Experimental measurements confirmed consistent jet characteristics across all orifices.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-orifice jet injection is a feasible technique for needle-free, large-volume drug delivery.
  • This technology has the potential to enhance patient experience and reduce healthcare costs.
  • Further development could lead to improved parenteral drug administration methods.