Implementation of a regional rare donor registry in India

In an ethnically diverse country like India, establishing a national rare donor registry is a massive challenge. We aimed to establish a regional rare donor registry at our center by screening the local donor population for rare phenotypes.

Serological testing of O blood group donors was done using monoclonal antisera from Bio-Rad for 23 different blood group antigens, which include Rh subgroups (C,cE,e), Kell (K,k, Kp^a, Kp^b), P1, Duffy (Fy^a, Fy^b), Kidd (Jk^a, Jk^b), Lewis (Le^a, Le^b), Lutheran (Lu^a, Lu^b), H, M, N, S and s. We categorized the donors with rare blood phenotypes into two categories. Category-I: High-frequency antigen-negative phenotypes with a prevalence of less than 1% in our study population. Category-II: Multiple common antigen-negative phenotypes with a prevalence of less than 1% in our study population.

A total of 521 donors with blood group O, meeting the inclusion criteria among a total of 23567 were phenotyped for minor blood group antigens. Out of these, 85.6% (n = 446) were Rh D positive, and 14.4% (n = 75) were Rh D negative. The male-to-female ratio was 9:1. We had identified eight rare phenotypes in category-I and 18 rare phenotypes in Category-II according to the definition adopted in our study. We have noticed a significant decrease in turnaround time in providing rare blood to patients after implementing the registry.

This is a first-of-its-kind rare donor registry established in South India. Establishing a national rare donor registry is the need of the hour in India.