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A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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Goal-directed remembering in older adults.

Joseph P Hennessee1,2, Julia M Schorn1, Catherine Walsh1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
|November 20, 2023
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Summary

Older adults struggle with directed-forgetting tasks compared to younger adults, but can still selectively remember valuable information. Aging does not impair value-based memory encoding.

Keywords:
Agingdirected-forgettingmemoryolder adultvalue

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Older adults often exhibit memory differences compared to younger adults, particularly in distinguishing between items to remember and forget.
  • This age-related memory pattern may stem from increased attention to irrelevant information, though goal-directed encoding of valuable items appears preserved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how value influences directed-forgetting and memory for irrelevant details in younger versus older adults.
  • To explore age-related differences in value-directed remembering tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied words with associated point values and directed-forgetting cues.
  • Memory recall and incidental detail retrieval (point value, color) were tested after varying retention intervals (8 min, 24 hr).

Main Results:

  • Both age groups effectively encoded valuable items, showing preserved selectivity for value.
  • Older adults demonstrated a reduced directed-forgetting effect compared to younger adults, persisting over 24 hours.
  • Incidental detail retrieval was comparable between younger and older adults in Experiment 2.

Conclusions:

  • Aging does not impede the ability to selectively encode valuable information.
  • While encoding valuable items is preserved, the effectiveness of directed-forgetting instructions diminishes with age.
  • Older adults may process item features similarly to younger adults but are less adept at inhibiting the recall of instructed-to-forget items.