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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Determination of Glucan Chain Length Distribution of Glycogen Using the Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis FACE Method
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Determination of Glucan Chain Length Distribution of Glycogen Using the Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis FACE Method

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The O-GlcNAc dichotomy: when does adaptation become pathological?

Tiago J Costa1,2,3, Emily W Wilson1,2, Milene T Fontes1,2,3

  • 1Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Columbia, SC, U.S.A.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|November 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic protein modification impacting cellular functions. Chronic O-GlcNAcylation contributes to cardiovascular disease, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic post-translational modification affecting nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins.
  • O-GlcNAcylation modulates cellular signaling and transcription in response to nutrients and stress, with thousands of proteins identified as targets.
  • This modification is regulated by glucose metabolism via the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, and its dysregulation is linked to metabolic abnormalities.

Approach:

  • This review critically evaluates current literature on O-GlcNAcylation in vascular physiology.
  • Focuses on the role of O-GlcNAcylation as a contributing mechanism in cardiovascular disease.
  • Examines findings from genetically modified animal models to understand O-GlcNAcylation's impact.

Key Points:

  • O-GlcNAcylation influences protein function, activity, localization, and stability.
  • Acute O-GlcNAcylation is crucial for cellular signaling and transcription.
  • Chronic O-GlcNAcylation is increasingly recognized as a factor in cardiovascular dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • O-GlcNAcylation, regulated by glucose metabolism, plays a significant role in vascular physiology.
  • Elevated O-GlcNAc levels due to metabolic abnormalities are linked to cardiovascular disease.
  • The O-GlcNAcylation pathway presents novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
Keywords:
O-GlcNAccardiovascular physiologyintracellular signaling

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