Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Proteoglycans

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...

Protein Glycosylation

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Vascular Health and Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: The Immune System in Motion.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2026

Same author

Hypertension in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: progress made, gaps remain.

Journal of hypertension·2026

Same author

Pediatric Critical Illness, Immunometabolism and Cardiovascular Risk: A Narrative Review.

Minerva pediatrics·2026

Same author

Adipose Triglyceride Lipase and Gpr40 Contribute to the Anti-Contractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue.

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)·2026

Same author

Hypertension Drives Protein Lactylation and Vascular Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026

Same author

Hypertension-Induced Retinal Microvascular Remodeling in Women.

Journal of vascular research·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Determination of Glucan Chain Length Distribution of Glycogen Using the Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis FACE Method

Determination of Glucan Chain Length Distribution of Glycogen Using the Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis FACE Method

Published on: March 31, 2022

The O-GlcNAc dichotomy: when does adaptation become pathological?

Tiago J Costa^1,2,3, Emily W Wilson^1,2, Milene T Fontes^1,2,3

¹Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Columbia, SC, U.S.A.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)

|November 21, 2023

Summary

O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic protein modification impacting cellular functions. Chronic O-GlcNAcylation contributes to cardiovascular disease, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:

O-GlcNAc cardiovascular physiology intracellular signaling

More Related Videos

Generation of Null Mutants to Elucidate the Role of Bacterial Glycosyltransferases in Bacterial Motility

Generation of Null Mutants to Elucidate the Role of Bacterial Glycosyltransferases in Bacterial Motility

Published on: March 11, 2022

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Published on: May 22, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Determination of Glucan Chain Length Distribution of Glycogen Using the Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis FACE Method

Determination of Glucan Chain Length Distribution of Glycogen Using the Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis FACE Method

Published on: March 31, 2022

Generation of Null Mutants to Elucidate the Role of Bacterial Glycosyltransferases in Bacterial Motility

Generation of Null Mutants to Elucidate the Role of Bacterial Glycosyltransferases in Bacterial Motility

Published on: March 11, 2022

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Published on: May 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Physiology

Background:

O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic post-translational modification affecting nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins.
O-GlcNAcylation modulates cellular signaling and transcription in response to nutrients and stress, with thousands of proteins identified as targets.
This modification is regulated by glucose metabolism via the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, and its dysregulation is linked to metabolic abnormalities.

Approach:

This review critically evaluates current literature on O-GlcNAcylation in vascular physiology.
Focuses on the role of O-GlcNAcylation as a contributing mechanism in cardiovascular disease.
Examines findings from genetically modified animal models to understand O-GlcNAcylation's impact.

Key Points:

O-GlcNAcylation influences protein function, activity, localization, and stability.
Acute O-GlcNAcylation is crucial for cellular signaling and transcription.
Chronic O-GlcNAcylation is increasingly recognized as a factor in cardiovascular dysfunction.

Conclusions:

O-GlcNAcylation, regulated by glucose metabolism, plays a significant role in vascular physiology.
Elevated O-GlcNAc levels due to metabolic abnormalities are linked to cardiovascular disease.
The O-GlcNAcylation pathway presents novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.