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Impact of Prematurity on Auditory Processing in Children

Maria Y Boboshko1,2, Irina V Savenko2, Ekaterina S Garbaruk2,3

  • 1Department of Higher Nervous Activity and Psychophysiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.

Pathophysiology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology
|November 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Premature birth impairs auditory system development, leading to processing difficulties. Early intervention is key for improving hearing outcomes in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Prematurity is a significant risk factor for auditory system maturation deficits.
  • Children born preterm exhibit elevated incidence of hearing impairments and auditory processing disorders.
  • Auditory processing issues may stem from central auditory system developmental disturbances or peripheral hearing loss-induced sensory deprivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate auditory processing abilities in children born preterm.
  • To assess temporal processing and speech intelligibility using psychoacoustic tests.
  • To compare auditory performance between preterm children and healthy full-term controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 241 children (6-11 years old) including 136 preterm and 105 full-term controls were evaluated.
  • Preterm children were categorized into normal hearing (NH), sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) groups.
  • Psychoacoustic tests were administered to assess temporal processing and speech intelligibility.

Main Results:

  • Preterm children demonstrated significantly poorer performance across all auditory tests compared to full-term controls.
  • Normal hearing and SNHL preterm groups showed age-related improvements in speech recognition in noise, suggesting maturation.
  • All preterm children exhibited varying degrees of auditory processing disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth adversely affects auditory system development and processing.
  • Understanding specific auditory processing challenges in preterm children is crucial for effective rehabilitation.
  • Early identification and tailored interventions can mitigate the long-term impact of auditory processing disorders in preterm populations.

Keywords:
Russian matrix sentence testauditory neuropathy spectrum disorderauditory processing disordersgap detection testpreterm childrensensorineural hearing lossspeech intelligibilitytemporal processing

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