[The algorithm for clinical and audiological observation of children born preterm]
I V Savenko1, E S Garbaruk1,2, M Yu Boboshko1
1Laboratory of hearing and speech of Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Vestnik Otorinolaringologii
|March 18, 2025
Summary
Premature infants face high risks of hearing dysfunction, impacting development and quality of life. Early screening and long-term monitoring are crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention to mitigate hearing loss effects.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Audiology
- Developmental Neuroscience
Background:
- Premature infants are highly susceptible to auditory system dysfunction.
- Hearing impairment in this population can range from conductive to sensorineural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSD).
- Consequences include disruptions in auditory, language, communication, emotional, and social skill development, affecting overall quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a comprehensive algorithm for the clinical and audiological monitoring of premature children from birth to 10 years old.
- To outline diagnostic and habilitation strategies for children with ANSD.
- To emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration for early detection and intervention.
Main Methods:
- A two-stage newborn hearing screening within the first 1-2 months of life.
- Diagnostic confirmation by 3 months corrected age.
- Follow-up monitoring schedules tailored to hearing status, with more frequent checks for detected hearing loss and annual checks for normal hearing.
Main Results:
- The proposed algorithm details screening, diagnosis, and monitoring protocols for premature infants up to age 10.
- Specific attention is given to children with ANSD, outlining diagnostic and habilitation pathways.
- The study highlights the necessity of involving otolaryngologists, special education teachers, and speech therapists.
Conclusions:
- Long-term, comprehensive monitoring of auditory function in premature infants is essential.
- Timely and high-quality diagnostic and rehabilitation processes can minimize the negative impact of hearing impairments.
- Early detection and intervention are key to improving developmental outcomes and quality of life for premature children.
