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Photosystem I

Photosystem I

Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

The Calvin Benson Cycle

The Calvin Benson Cycle

Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the C=O stretching, is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

Published on: January 15, 2014

Reply to R. Sun et al

Jonathan L Moore¹, Aida Santaolalla¹, Mieke Van Hemelrijck¹

¹Jonathan L. Moore, FRCS, Department of Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Aida Santaolalla, PhD, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, PhD, and Bernard North, PhD, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and Andrew R. Davies, MD, FRCS, Department of Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

|November 21, 2023

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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