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Updated: Jul 9, 2026
The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
Published on: August 12, 2013
X-ray beam quality after a mirror reflection: Experimental and simulated results for a toroidal mirror in a 4 th
Juan Reyes-Herrera1, Rafael Celestre1, Marco Cammarata1
1European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, 38043, France.
Background:
The surface errors found in X-ray mirrors constitute a limiting factor for preserving beam quality. This is particularly important when the X-ray beam has low emittance and a significant coherence fraction, like in newly upgraded synchrotron storage rings.
Methods:
We studied the fringes observed in the image of an undulator-produced X-ray beam reflected by a high-quality toroidal mirror. The measurements and simulations were performed using different conditions: a photon beam either monochromatic or with large bandwidth, reflected by a mirror with variable curvature.
Results:
The experimental data are compared with up-to-date simulation including partial coherence.
Conclusions:
The observed fringes in the unfocused beam correlate with low spatial frequency structures in mirror profiles, irrespective of beam coherence. Both classical ray tracing and partially coherent simulations through coherent mode decomposition are confirmed as accurate methods for such simulations.
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