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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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Introduction
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies
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Hydroxyl-Driven Enhanced Birefringence in Borophosphates.

Xia Yang1,2, Wenbin Zhang1,2, Xueting Pan1

  • 1Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|November 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Four new borophosphates were synthesized for ultraviolet applications. Some exhibit noncentrosymmetric structures and enhanced optical anisotropy due to hydroxyl groups, indicating potential for functional crystal development.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Borophosphates are increasingly recognized for their potential as functional crystals in ultraviolet (UV) and deep-ultraviolet (DUV) applications.
  • The development of novel borophosphate materials with desirable optical properties is crucial for advancing optoelectronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize new borophosphate compounds.
  • To investigate the structural and optical properties of these novel materials.
  • To explore the influence of hydroxyl groups on the birefringence of borophosphates.

Main Methods:

  • High-temperature solution method for crystal synthesis.
  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
  • UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for optical property analysis.
  • Theoretical calculations for electronic structure and optical property comprehension.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized four new borophosphates: K2B2P2O9, (NH4)2BP2O7(OH), K2BP2O7(OH), and P21/c-(NH4)2B2P3O11(OH).
  • K2B2P2O9, (NH4)2BP2O7(OH), and K2BP2O7(OH) crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space groups, while P21/c-(NH4)2B2P3O11(OH) is centrosymmetric.
  • Identified novel fundamental building blocks: [B2P2O11], [BP2O10H], and [BP2O9(OH)].
  • (NH4)2BP2O7(OH) and K2BP2O7(OH) exhibit enhanced optical anisotropy, attributed to the presence of hydroxyl groups.
  • K2B2P2O9 and (NH4)2BP2O7(OH) show short UV cutoff edges, suitable for UV applications.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized borophosphates, particularly those with hydroxyl groups, demonstrate promising optical anisotropy and UV transparency.
  • The discovery of new fundamental building blocks expands the structural diversity of borophosphates.
  • These findings highlight the potential of these new borophosphates for UV and deep-UV functional crystal applications.