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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Strategy and Philosophy for Treating Pain and Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness
1Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Abstract:
Despite the evolving practice of brain injury medicine, consciousness remains enigmatic. Most patients with disorders of consciousness have disordered sleep and return of normal sleep architecture is essential to the emergence of consciousness and the healing brain. In this article we lay a framework for understanding the emergence of consciousness in brain-injured patients. We then explore ways to use that framework to evaluate and tailor treatment of sleep and pain in patients with disorders of consciousness. Although more research is needed to empower better treatment in the future, validated tools now exist for evaluation of emergent consciousness, pain, and sleep.
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