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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA m6A modification facilitates DNA methylation during maize kernel development.

Jin-Hong Luo1, Ting Guo2, Min Wang2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Plant Physiology
|November 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maize (Zea mays) research reveals crosstalk between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) DNA modifications. This interaction impacts gene expression and maize kernel development, offering new insights into epigenetic regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA are crucial epigenetic marks regulating gene expression and plant development.
  • The mechanistic interplay between m6A and 5mC in plants remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crosstalk between m6A RNA modification and 5mC DNA methylation in maize (Zea mays).
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between m6A and 5mC pathways in plant development.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the interaction between mRNA adenosine methylase (ZmMTA) and decrease in DNA methylation 1 (ZmDDM1) in maize.
  • Analyzed the correlation between m6A modification levels and DNA methylation status in maize genes.
  • Examined the developmental consequences of ZmMTA and ZmDDM1 dysfunction on maize embryogenesis, endosperm development, and DNA methylation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified a crosstalk between m6A and 5mC in maize mediated by the interaction of ZmMTA and ZmDDM1.
  • Genes with m6A modification exhibited significantly higher DNA methylation levels compared to unmodified genes.
  • ZmMTA dysfunction led to developmental arrest and reduced CHH methylation in m6A-modified genes, while ZmDDM1 dysfunction had minimal impact on ZmMTA activity.

Conclusions:

  • Established a direct link between m6A RNA modification and 5mC DNA methylation in maize kernel development.
  • Provided novel insights into the coordinated regulation of gene expression by RNA modification and DNA methylation in plants.