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Functionalized heteroatom-doped carbon dots for biomedical applications: A review
Guillermo Redondo-Fernandez1, Jesus Cigales Canga1, Ana Soldado1
1Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
Analytica Chimica Acta
|November 23, 2023
Summary
Heteroatom-doped carbon nanoparticles (CDs) offer enhanced optical properties for advanced sensing and bioimaging. This review highlights their synthesis, functionalization, and applications in analytical chemistry and disease therapy.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biomedical Imaging
Background:
- Carbon nanoparticles (CDs) are recognized for their stability, low toxicity, and functionalizability.
- Current applications primarily leverage their fluorescence, but doping introduces novel optical properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in synthesizing heteroatom-doped CDs.
- To explore functionalization strategies for analyte labeling.
- To present applications in sensing, bioimaging, and therapy.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbon nanoparticles.
- Surface functionalization techniques for targeted applications.
- Review of existing literature on applications and future directions.
Main Results:
- Doping CDs with heteroatoms significantly modifies their optoelectronic characteristics.
- Novel optical features like phosphorescence and upconversion luminescence are achieved.
- Functionalized CDs show promise for guided analyte labeling and multimodal imaging.
Conclusions:
- Heteroatom-doped CDs represent a significant advancement in light-emitting nanomaterials.
- These materials offer enhanced capabilities for chemical sensing, bioimaging, and disease therapy.
- Future developments are expected in designing novel devices and analytical strategies.

