Cost-Consequences Analysis Following Different Exercise Interventions in Institutionalized Oldest Old: A Pilot Study...

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Exercise Physiology
• Health Economics

Background:

• The oldest old, particularly those in institutionalized settings, often experience functional decline, increased healthcare costs, and higher fall rates.
• Exercise interventions are crucial for maintaining health and independence in elderly populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of multicomponent exercise and calisthenics on cost of care, functional capacity, falls, muscle strength, and executive function in institutionalized oldest old.
• To compare these interventions against a usual care group.

Main Methods:

• A 12-month pilot randomized clinical trial involving 69 nursing home residents (mean age 89.4 years).
• Participants were allocated to a multicomponent exercise group (MG), calisthenics group (CALG), or usual care group (UCG).
• Primary outcome was cost of care; secondary outcomes included physical and cognitive tests, and fall occurrence.

Main Results:

• The multicomponent exercise group (MG) significantly reduced the cost of care and improved Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores, number of falls, handgrip strength, and leg press strength.
• The usual care group (UCG) showed an increase in cost of care and a decline in SPPB scores.
• No significant changes were observed in the calisthenics group (CALG).

Conclusions:

• A one-year multicomponent exercise intervention is effective in reducing healthcare costs, improving functional capacity and muscle strength, and decreasing falls in institutionalized oldest old.
• Multicomponent exercise offers significant benefits for this vulnerable population, unlike calisthenics alone.