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Assessment of Respiration

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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

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Published on: September 22, 2023

Pulmonology for the rhinologist.

Raewyn G Campbell^1,2, Titus Auyeung³, Gregory P Katsoulotos^2,4,5,6

¹Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery

|November 24, 2023

Summary

The upper and lower airways are interconnected, necessitating a unified approach to respiratory and rhinologic conditions. Advances in biomarkers and personalized medicine are improving treatment precision for the entire respiratory tract.

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Area of Science:

Respiratory Medicine
Rhinology
Allergy and Immunology

Background:

The upper and lower airways are increasingly recognized as a single functional unit.
Rhinologists are acknowledging the lower airway's impact on patient outcomes.
This review focuses on pulmonology advancements relevant to rhinologic conditions.

Conclusions:

The interconnectedness of upper and lower airways drives a multidisciplinary approach in respiratory medicine.
Further research is needed to refine precision respiratory medicine, especially in biomarkers and endotyping.
Future developments must incorporate climate change, pollution, and toxins for optimal patient care.