Evaluation of Bone Repair Using a New Biphasic Synthetic Bioceramic (Plenum^® Oss_hp) in Critical Calvaria Defect in...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Surgical Innovation

Background:

• Biphasic bioceramics serve as synthetic bone substitutes, enhancing safety and predictability in guided bone regeneration procedures.
• This research investigates a novel synthetic biphasic bioceramic, Plenum® Oss_hp (70% hydroxyapatite: 30% beta-tricalcium phosphate), for bone repair.
• The study focuses on evaluating its efficacy in critical-sized calvarial defects in a preclinical model.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the bone repair process utilizing the new biphasic bioceramic Plenum® Oss_hp.
• To compare the performance of Plenum® Oss_hp against a commercially available bone substitute, Straumann® BoneCeramic™.
• To analyze the biological and histological outcomes in critical calvarial defects.

Main Methods:

• Seventy-four critical-sized defects were created in rat calvaria, with each animal serving as its own control.
• Defects were treated with either Plenum® Oss_hp (PO) or Straumann® BoneCeramic™ (BC).
• Samples were collected at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days post-surgery for analysis, including gene expression, immunohistochemistry, histometry, and microtomography.

Main Results:

• Plenum® Oss_hp exhibited lower gene expression for RUNX2 and VEGF, and higher expression for IBSP, correlating with moderate osteocalcin and slight osteopontin immunolabeling.
• Histometric analysis revealed a greater proportion of the biomaterial remaining in the PO group at 60 days.
• Microtomographic analysis indicated lower bone connectivity density and thicker trabeculae in the PO group remnants.

Conclusions:

• The Plenum® Oss_hp demonstrated comparable efficacy to Straumann® BoneCeramic™ in promoting bone regeneration.
• This novel biphasic bioceramic is a viable and effective synthetic bone substitute for applications in guided bone regeneration.
• Further research may explore long-term outcomes and specific mechanisms of action for Plenum® Oss_hp.