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A Macrophage-Tumor Spheroid Co-Invasion Assay
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Macrophage-Based Microrobots for Anticancer Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives
Van Du Nguyen1,2, Jong-Oh Park2, Eunpyo Choi1,2,3
1Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Macrophages, which are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system, possess sensory receptors that enable them to target cancer cells. In addition, they are able to engulf large amounts of particles through phagocytosis, suggesting a potential "Trojan horse" drug delivery approach to tumors by facilitating the engulfment of drug-hidden particles by macrophages. Recent research has focused on the development of macrophage-based microrobots for anticancer therapy, showing promising results and potential for clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent development of macrophage-based microrobot research for anticancer therapy. First, we discuss the types of macrophage cells used in the development of these microrobots, the common payloads they carry, and various targeting strategies utilized to guide the microrobots to cancer sites, such as biological, chemical, acoustic, and magnetic actuations. Subsequently, we analyze the applications of these microrobots in different cancer treatment modalities, including photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and various synergistic combination therapies. Finally, we present future outlooks for the development of macrophage-based microrobots.
Insights
Macrophage-based microrobots offer a novel "Trojan horse" strategy for cancer therapy by targeting tumors. This review details their development, targeting methods, and diverse therapeutic applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Macrophages, part of the mononuclear phagocytic system, possess inherent tumor-targeting capabilities.
- Their phagocytic nature suggests a "Trojan horse" approach for drug delivery by engulfing drug-loaded particles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in macrophage-based microrobots for anticancer therapy.
- To discuss the components, targeting strategies, and applications of these novel therapeutic agents.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on macrophage-based microrobot development.
- Analysis of macrophage cell types, payloads, and targeting mechanisms (biological, chemical, acoustic, magnetic).
Main Results:
- Macrophage microrobots demonstrate potential in various cancer treatment modalities.
- Applications include photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapies.
Conclusions:
- Macrophage-based microrobots represent a promising frontier in cancer therapy.
- Further development is expected to enhance their clinical applicability and efficacy.
