Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Materials Science
• Microbiology

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis.
• Nanoparticles (NPs), specifically iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), show promise in combating AMR.
• IONPs can interact with biological molecules to inhibit microbial growth.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in the green synthesis of IONPs.
• To discuss challenges in green synthesis methods.
• To highlight the characterization and antimicrobial applications of IONPs.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on green synthesis of IONPs.
• Synthesis using biological entities (bacteria, fungi, plants) and organic waste.
• Characterization techniques for IONPs.

Main Results:

• Successful green synthesis of IONPs from diverse biological sources.
• Identification of common challenges in eco-friendly IONP production.
• Compilation of characterization methods for synthesized IONPs.

Conclusions:

• Green synthesized IONPs are effective against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses.
• IONPs represent a promising approach to overcome antimicrobial resistance.
• Further research into green synthesis and applications of IONPs is warranted.