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Salmonella Bloodstream Infections.

Micah J Worley1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
|November 24, 2023
PubMed
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Salmonella, a significant foodborne pathogen, causes diseases from mild gastroenteritis to fatal systemic infections. This review details Salmonella

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • Food Safety and Public Health

Background:

  • Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen impacting both animal and human health globally.
  • It causes a spectrum of diseases, from self-limiting gastroenteritis to life-threatening enteric fever.
  • While gastrointestinal infections are typically manageable, bloodstream infections pose a significant mortality risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and routes of Salmonella's extraintestinal dissemination.
  • To explore the factors contributing to chronic Salmonella infections.
  • To discuss virulence factors, pathogenicity islands, and host susceptibility in invasive Salmonella disease.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of Salmonella pathogenesis and dissemination.
Keywords:
Salmonellabacteremiabloodstream infectionspathogenicity islandssepsisserovars

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  • Analysis of virulence factors, pathogenicity islands, and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Review of epidemiological data on invasive Salmonella outbreaks, particularly in tropical regions.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed description of Salmonella's mechanisms for spreading beyond the gastrointestinal tract.
    • Identification of key bacterial factors (pathogenicity islands, virulence factors) enabling systemic invasion.
    • Discussion of host-related factors influencing susceptibility to invasive Salmonella infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Salmonella possesses sophisticated mechanisms for systemic dissemination, leading to severe and potentially fatal infections.
    • Understanding these mechanisms and host factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
    • Invasive Salmonella outbreaks, especially in tropical areas, require continued surveillance and research.