Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

7.8K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
7.8K
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

2.5K
After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
2.5K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

8.5K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
8.5K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

3.5K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Performance of disk diffusion and MIC gradient tests in tigecycline susceptibility testing of enterococci: a Nordic multicentre study.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·2026
Same author

Performance of EUCAST disc diffusion and supplementary methods to detect reduced susceptibility to linezolid in enterococci- the NordicAST LRE-study.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2026
Same author

The wild, wild west of plasmids: First insights into comparative genomics of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Pediatric meningoencephalitis in the molecular diagnostic era: epidemiological insights from 1198 suspected cases in Germany between 2016 and 2024.

Infection·2026
Same author

Detection of enteric pathogens in young children before and during acute gastroenteritis: results from a prospective German birth cohort study (LoewenKIDS).

Infection·2025
Same author

A programmable, selection-free CRISPR interference system in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> for long-term host interaction studies.

iScience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
08:07

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

Published on: July 25, 2022

2.6K

Enterococcal Membrane Vesicles as Vaccine Candidates.

Theresa Maria Wagner1, Felipe Romero-Saavedra2, Diana Laverde2

  • 1Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular membrane vesicles from multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium show promise as a vaccine. These vesicles elicit immune responses effective against various E. faecium strains, offering a potential alternative to antibiotics.

Keywords:
Enterococcus faeciumVREbacterial membrane vesiclesinfection controlvaccine

More Related Videos

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
06:38

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.0K
Cell-Free Scaled Production and Adjuvant Addition to a Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Protein from Chlamydia muridarum for Vaccine Development
12:53

Cell-Free Scaled Production and Adjuvant Addition to a Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Protein from Chlamydia muridarum for Vaccine Development

Published on: March 16, 2022

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2025

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
08:07

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

Published on: July 25, 2022

2.6K
Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
06:38

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.0K
Cell-Free Scaled Production and Adjuvant Addition to a Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Protein from Chlamydia muridarum for Vaccine Development
12:53

Cell-Free Scaled Production and Adjuvant Addition to a Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Protein from Chlamydia muridarum for Vaccine Development

Published on: March 16, 2022

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Enterococcus faecium is a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections, with rising multidrug resistance, including Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE).
  • Existing antibiotic treatments are becoming less effective against resistant strains.
  • There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies, such as vaccines, against enterococcal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective potential of extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) derived from multidrug-resistant E. faecium as vaccine candidates.
  • To assess the breadth of immune response elicited by these MV preparations against various E. faecium strains, including VRE.

Main Methods:

  • Immunization of rabbits with two different VRE-derived MV preparations.
  • Characterization of immune sera for immunoreactivity against homologous and heterologous E. faecium strains.
  • Assessment of opsonophagocytic killing activity mediated by anti-MV sera against VRE strains.

Main Results:

  • Anti-MV sera demonstrated high immunoreactivity against the homologous VRE strain and multiple unrelated E. faecium strains, including other VRE.
  • The generated sera were capable of mediating opsonophagocytic killing of both the homologous strain and unrelated heterologous VRE strains.
  • MV preparations, irrespective of purification method, induced broad immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular membrane vesicles from E. faecium are promising vaccine candidates against multidrug-resistant strains.
  • These MVs can serve as a versatile multi-antigen platform for developing vaccines against enterococcal infections.
  • The findings support the development of MV-based vaccines as a viable alternative to antibiotics for combating VRE and other resistant E. faecium infections.