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Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Phenotypically Normal Patients.

Pia M Cumagun1, Mary Katherine Moore2, Todd P McCarty1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptococcosis, a global fungal infection, causes over 180,000 deaths annually, primarily from cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in HIV patients. This review focuses on cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in healthy individuals, distinct from immunocompromised cases.

Keywords:
PIIRS (post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome)cryptococcal meningoencephalitisimmunocompetent hosts

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cryptococcosis is a serious worldwide fungal infection with high mortality.
  • Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CME) is a major cause of death, especially in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Most patients have underlying immune dysfunction, but a subset are phenotypically normal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight the distinct clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of CME in phenotypically normal hosts.
  • To compare CME in normal hosts versus immunocompromised individuals.
  • To identify potential risk factors for CME in the absence of apparent immune compromise.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, management strategies, and outcomes.
  • Comparison of patient cohorts: phenotypically normal versus immunocompromised.

Main Results:

  • CME presentation and management vary significantly between immunocompromised and phenotypically normal individuals.
  • Phenotypically normal hosts may have different risk factors and prognoses.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand CME in healthy individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in phenotypically normal hosts represents a distinct clinical entity.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
  • This review underscores the need for tailored approaches to CME management across different host populations.