Impact of Immunity on Coronary Artery Disease: An Updated Pathogenic Interplay and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Immunology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of death, primarily driven by atherosclerosis.
• Atherosclerosis involves chronic inflammation initiated by the immune system's response to arterial wall injury.
• Immune cells like neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes play dual roles in promoting or inhibiting plaque formation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the complex pathogenic relationship between the immune system and CAD.
• To explore the roles of various immune cells and vascular cells in atherosclerosis.
• To summarize current and potential immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies for CAD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on immunity and CAD.
• Analysis of signaling pathways involving immune and vascular cells.
• Synthesis of findings on immunomodulatory therapies targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

• Immune responses, while protective, can become chronic, driving atherosclerotic plaque development.
• Endothelial and smooth muscle cells are newly recognized participants in the immune-vascular crosstalk.
• Multiple immune cell types contribute to both proatherogenic and antiatherogenic processes.

Conclusions:

• The immune system's role in CAD is intricate, involving complex interactions between various cell types.
• Targeting immune-mediated inflammation presents a promising therapeutic avenue for CAD.
• Further research into immunomodulatory therapies could significantly impact atherosclerosis treatment.