Using Multistage Energy Barrier of Heterojunctions in Improving Cr(VI) Detection

Detecting heavy metals in seawater is challenging due to the high salinity and complex composition, which cause strong interference. To address this issue, we propose using a multistage energy barrier as an electrochemical driver to generate electrochemical responses that can resist interference. The Ni-based heterojunction foams with different types of barriers were fabricated to detect Cr(VI), and the effects of the energy barriers on the electrochemical response were studied. The single-stage barrier can effectively drive the electrochemical response, and the multistage barrier is even more powerful in improving sensing performance. A prototype Ni/NiO/CeO₂/Au/PANI foam with multistage barriers achieved a high sensitivity and recovery rate (93.63-104.79%) in detecting seawater while resisting interference. The use of multistage barriers as a driver to resist electrochemical interference is a promising approach.