Exploring Human Metabolome after Wine Intake-A Review

Area of Science:

• Metabolomics
• Human Physiology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Wine consumption has ancient roots, initially valued for medicinal properties.
• Modern analytical techniques provide deep insights into wine's molecular effects on the human body.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review metabolic alterations in humans due to wine consumption.
• To synthesize findings from 51 studies over the past 25 years.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of 51 studies.
• Analysis of metabolic profiles in blood, urine, and feces.
• Inclusion of short-term and long-term consumption studies.

Main Results:

• Significant alterations observed in various metabolites (phenolics, lipids, organic acids, amino acids).
• Up-regulation of short-chain fatty acids and gut microbial metabolites (e.g., vanillic acid).
• Down-regulation of sphingomyelins and confirmation of intact passage of wine acids (e.g., tartaric acid).

Conclusions:

• Wine consumption induces significant, class-specific metabolic changes in humans.
• Metabolomic analysis reveals the impact of wine on endogenous and diet-related metabolites.
• This review provides a holistic view of wine's metabolic effects, relevant to ongoing health interest.