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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
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Preparedness for a monkeypox outbreak.

Qin Luo1, Jun Han1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing 102206, China.

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|November 28, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeypox (MPXV) is a global viral zoonotic disease spreading rapidly. Early containment is crucial to prevent widespread human-to-human transmission and manage outbreaks.

Keywords:
InfectionMonkeypox virusOutbreakTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The 2022 monkeypox outbreak represents the largest epidemic outside Africa, with over 3340 global cases by June 22, 2022.
  • Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a double-stranded DNA virus within the Orthopoxvirus genus, Poxviridae family.
  • Transmission occurs through direct contact with lesions, respiratory droplets, contaminated materials, and potentially sexual contact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the monkeypox outbreak, its characteristics, and transmission routes.
  • To highlight the urgency of containment strategies for the global MPXV epidemic.
  • To inform public health responses regarding monkeypox management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of available data on monkeypox epidemiology and virology.
  • Analysis of transmission dynamics and clinical manifestations.
  • Review of current therapeutic and prophylactic measures.

Main Results:

  • Monkeypox presents with symptoms including headache, fever, lesions, and lymphadenopathy.
  • The virus is zoonotic but demonstrates significant human-to-human transmission potential.
  • Historically, monkeypox has a variable fatality rate (0-11%) and is typically self-limiting (2-4 weeks).

Conclusions:

  • Rapid containment actions are essential to curb the spread of monkeypox.
  • While smallpox vaccines and antivirals show promise, specific MPXV treatments are lacking.
  • Understanding transmission is key to preventing further global dissemination.