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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Coupled stack-up volume RF coils for low-field MR imaging.

Yunkun Zhao1, Aditya A Bhosale1, Xiaoliang Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.

Arxiv
|November 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new coupled stack-up volume coil enhances low-field open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accessibility. This innovative radiofrequency (RF) coil design improves signal-to-noise ratios and magnetic field uniformity for better diagnostic imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Low-field open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems increase accessibility but face challenges with signal-to-noise ratios and RF coil limitations.
  • Conventional birdcage coils struggle to meet the demands of low-field open MRI, necessitating improved radiofrequency (RF) coil designs.

Conclusions:

  • The coupled stack-up volume coil is a viable and effective solution for enhancing low-field open MRI systems.
  • This innovative RF coil design significantly improves key performance metrics, overcoming limitations of existing technologies.
  • The findings support the broader adoption of low-field MRI by improving its diagnostic capabilities.