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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

11.5K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.5K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

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Comprehensive profiling of L1 retrotransposons in mouse.

Xuanming Zhang, Ivana Celic, Hannah Mitchell

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |November 28, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed nanoTIPseq to track active L1 elements (LINE-1 retrotransposons) in mice. This method efficiently maps both known and novel L1 insertions, even at the single-cell level in cancer models.

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    Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
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    Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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    RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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    Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
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    Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics and Molecular Biology
    • Mammalian Retrotransposition
    • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation

    Background:

    • LINE-1 (L1) elements are active retrotransposons in mammals, typically silenced in normal tissues.
    • Aberrant L1 expression is linked to diseases like cancer, aging, infertility, and neurological disorders.
    • Accurate mapping of endogenous L1 insertions is crucial for understanding their role in health and disease.

    Conclusions:

    • nanoTIPseq is a powerful tool for comprehensively mapping endogenous L1 insertions in mouse genomes.
    • The method can detect both annotated and novel L1s, outperforming short-read approaches for certain insertions.
    • nanoTIPseq provides a proof-of-principle for interrogating L1 retrotransposition activity at the single-cell level in vivo.