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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

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The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Common variable immunodeficiency, cross currents, and prevailing winds.

Neil Romberg1,2,3, Carole Le Coz4

  • 1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|November 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a complex disorder characterized by impaired antibody production. This review explores CVID

Keywords:
B-cell toleranceT follicular helper cellsT follicular regulatory cellsT regulatory cellscommon variable immune deficiencydysbiosisgerminal center reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired B-cell differentiation.
  • Diagnostic criteria for CVID are not universally agreed upon, leading to clinical confusion and research reproducibility issues.
  • A key feature of CVID is defective germinal center (GC) formation and function, impacting antibody production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological factors contributing to germinal center dysfunction in CVID.
  • To discuss the link between CVID-associated GC abnormalities and non-infectious complications.
  • To identify promising research avenues for understanding CVID pathogenesis and improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic, epigenetic, tolerogenic, microbiome, and regulatory factors implicated in CVID.
  • Analysis of the consequences of these factors on GC function and antibody production.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge to propose future research directions.

Main Results:

  • CVID pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors affecting GC responses.
  • GC dysfunction in CVID contributes to impaired isotype-switched, affinity-matured antibody production.
  • These biological abnormalities are associated with the development of non-infectious complications in CVID patients.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted biological underpinnings of CVID is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management.
  • Further research into genetic, epigenetic, and immune regulatory pathways is needed to elucidate CVID pathogenesis.
  • Targeted investigations hold promise for improving therapeutic strategies and patient quality of life in CVID.