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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
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Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

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Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
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Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

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A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
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Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

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A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
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Radical Formation: Addition00:47

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Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
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Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

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This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Thermally Induced Persistent Covalent-Organic Frameworks Radicals.

Qianfeng Gu1, Xiangqian Lu2, Cailing Chen3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China.

ACS Nano
|November 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a simple method to create stable covalent-organic framework (COF) radicals. These persistent radicals show potential for advanced applications in magnetics and spintronics.

Keywords:
COF radicalscovalent organic frameworksmagnetic susceptibilityspin polarizationthermally induced radicals

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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Persistent covalent-organic framework (COF) radicals are crucial for magnetics and spintronics.
  • Facile synthesis of these radicals remains a significant challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient synthesis method for persistent COF radicals.
  • To investigate the properties and stability of newly synthesized COFs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three p-phenylenediacetonitrile-based COFs (CityU-4, CityU-5, CityU-6).
  • Heat treatment of synthesized COFs to induce persistent radical formation.
  • Characterization using color changes, UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
  • Theoretical simulations to understand the factors contributing to radical persistence and spin polarization.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized CityU-4, CityU-5, and CityU-6 COFs.
  • Heat treatment converted these COFs into persistent radical forms, stable for over a year.
  • Observable changes included color shifts, red-shifted absorption, ESR signals, and magnetic susceptibility.
  • Theoretical analysis confirmed lower energy and non-zero spin density as key factors for persistent radicals and polarized spins.

Conclusions:

  • An efficient method for preparing persistent COF radicals was established.
  • The synthesized COFs exhibit promising properties for applications in magnetics and spintronics.
  • This work advances the field of functional organic materials with tailored magnetic and electronic properties.