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Measurement of Upper Airway Volume in Children with Craniofacial Abnormalities

Alex J Gordon1, Tom Ben-Dov2, Leena Asfour2

  • 1NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.

The Laryngoscope
|November 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with craniofacial syndromes have significantly smaller airway volumes, particularly in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, compared to controls. This quantitative analysis aids understanding of breathing difficulties in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric radiology
  • Craniofacial abnormalities
  • Airway imaging

Background:

  • Upper airway obstruction is common in children with craniofacial abnormalities.
  • Quantitative airway measurements are needed for better understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively measure airway volumes in children with craniofacial abnormalities.
  • To compare these volumes to age- and sex-matched controls.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of head-and-neck CT scans for children with craniofacial abnormalities (ICD-10 codes Q75.1, Q75.4, Q87.0) and isolated craniosynostosis (Q75.0).
  • Airway volumes (nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) measured using Dolphin Imaging software.
  • Total airway volume calculated as the sum of individual segment volumes.

Main Results:

  • Syndromic patients (n=30) had 25% lower total airway volumes than controls (n=30).
  • Nasal cavity volumes were 39% smaller and nasopharyngeal volumes 32% smaller in syndromic patients.
  • No significant volume differences were found in the oropharynx or hypopharynx.

Conclusions:

  • A novel technique for quantifying airway volumes in pediatric craniofacial patients is presented.
  • Reduced airway volumes, especially in the nasal and nasopharyngeal regions, are characteristic of craniofacial syndromes.
  • Findings enhance understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of breathing disturbances in these children.
Abstract

Keywords:
computed tomographycraniofacial syndromecraniosynostosismeasurementupper airway

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