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Validity of Global Positioning System Technology to Measure Maximum Velocity Sprinting in Elite Sprinters
Matthew Thome1,2, Robin T Thorpe3,4, Matthew J Jordan1,5
1School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|November 28, 2023
Summary
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology can measure maximum velocity sprinting in elite sprinters, but its overestimation may limit detecting small performance gains. This study validates 10-Hz GPS against radar for sprint analysis.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biomechanics
- Athletic Performance
Background:
- Accurate measurement of maximum velocity sprinting (Vmax) is crucial for elite sprinters.
- Wearable Global Positioning System (GPS) technology offers a portable solution for tracking sprint performance.
- Concurrent validity of 10-Hz GPS against criterion measures like Doppler radar needs thorough investigation in elite populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the concurrent validity of 10-Hz wearable GPS technology for measuring Vmax in elite sprinters.
- To compare Vmax measurements obtained from 10-Hz GPS with those from a 47-Hz Doppler radar system.
- To determine the suitability of 10-Hz GPS for monitoring external load and performance changes in elite sprinters.
Main Methods:
- Elite 100m and 200m sprinters (n=7) participated in the study.
- Velocity and time data were collected simultaneously using 10-Hz GPS and 47-Hz Doppler radar during maximal 60-m sprint efforts.
- Validity was analyzed using Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Main Results:
- 10-Hz GPS demonstrated a high level of agreement with Doppler radar, with an ICC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.0).
- The mean difference (LOA) for Vmax between GPS and radar was -0.11 m·s⁻¹ (95% CI: -0.17, -0.05), indicating a slight overestimation by GPS.
- The observed overestimation by 10-Hz GPS (approximately 1%) is larger than typical annual improvements in elite sprinters (0.1-0.2%).
Conclusions:
- 10-Hz GPS technology is a valid tool for measuring Vmax and monitoring external load in elite sprinters when compared to Doppler radar.
- While GPS shows good agreement, its slight overestimation of Vmax may hinder the detection of small, meaningful performance improvements in highly trained athletes.
- Coaches and researchers should consider the potential overestimation when interpreting Vmax data from 10-Hz GPS for elite sprinters.
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