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Brazil lacks a national colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program, leading to late diagnoses. Implementing such a program is crucial for early detection and improved outcomes in CRC prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer diagnosis and mortality globally.
  • Developed countries have seen reduced CRC mortality due to early detection via screening programs.
  • Brazil faces challenges with CRC mortality, contrasting with trends in developed nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically assess colorectal cancer (CRC) screening activities in Brazil.
  • To determine the necessity of establishing a national CRC screening program in Brazil.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive-quantitative secondary study correlating CRC incidence, morbidity, and mortality with screening program impacts.
  • Inclusion of non-published data from regional program coordinators.
  • Analysis of screening strategies, including fecal occult blood tests (FIT) and colonoscopies, and their results.

Main Results:

  • Nine CRC screening programs across Brazil were analyzed, utilizing fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) and colonoscopy.
  • These diverse screening initiatives demonstrated effectiveness in detecting early-stage colorectal cancer.
  • Despite private efforts, a significant gap in national CRC screening infrastructure was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Brazil currently lacks a unified national program for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.
  • Existing private screening programs and awareness campaigns have not overcome the prevalence of late-stage CRC diagnoses.
  • The implementation of a national CRC screening program is essential to improve early diagnosis rates and reduce mortality.