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LOGISTICS AND RESULTS OF A COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM IN A MUNICIPALITY IN THE HINTERLAND OF ALAGOAS.

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Summary

This colorectal cancer screening program in Piranhas, Brazil, effectively identified preneoplastic lesions in 44.6% of participants. The initiative demonstrated the viability of early detection strategies in underserved populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents significant global mortality challenges, ranking as the second most common cancer in Brazil.
  • Delayed detection of premalignant lesions exacerbates CRC morbidity and mortality rates.
  • The Piranhas project was established to address CRC screening in a low-income population in Alagoas, Brazil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define strategies for implementing a CRC screening program.
  • To assess the feasibility of CRC screening in the Piranhas region.
  • To report outcomes from the CRC Prevention Campaign in Piranhas/AL.

Main Methods:

  • A public-private partnership facilitated the CRC screening program in Piranhas, Alagoas.
  • Screening involved individuals aged 50–70 years, utilizing fecal occult blood tests (FOBT).
  • Positive FOBT results led to diagnostic colonoscopies; patient data were systematically collected.

Main Results:

  • 2152 individuals aged 50–70 were screened; 130 underwent colonoscopy.
  • Preneoplastic lesions were identified in 58 patients, yielding an adenoma detection rate (ADR) of 33.85%.
  • A significant proportion (44.6%) of participants showed preneoplastic lesions.

Conclusions:

  • The CRC screening program proved effective and feasible, detecting preneoplastic lesions in nearly half of the participants.
  • The initiative had a substantial social impact by enabling early diagnosis and treatment of CRC precursors.
  • Implementing targeted screening programs is crucial for reducing CRC burden in underserved communities.