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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Low bone mineral density is associated with gray matter volume decrease in UK Biobank.

Polona Kalc1, Robert Dahnke1,2, Felix Hoffstaedter3,4

  • 1Structural Brain Mapping Group, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|November 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is linked to gray matter (GM) loss in older women, particularly in brain regions affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). This association is less pronounced in men, even in healthy individuals.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseUK BiobankVBMbone mineral densityosteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Gerontology
  • Bone Health

Background:

  • Previous studies indicate a link between low bone mineral density (BMD) and gray matter (GM) volume reduction in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • The relationship between BMD and GM volume in healthy aging populations remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between BMD and GM volume in a large, healthy elderly cohort from the UK Biobank.
  • To determine if BMD correlates with GM volume changes in brain regions typically affected in early-stage AD.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis using CAT12 software was performed on T1-weighted MRI scans.
  • Data included 5,518 women and 7,595 men aged 65-82 without neurological or psychiatric conditions.
  • Threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) was applied for whole-brain analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant GM volume decrease was observed in women in areas including the superior frontal, middle temporal, and fusiform gyri, as well as the hippocampus and cingulate cortex.
  • Smaller effects were noted in men, primarily in the subcallosal area, basal forebrain, and entorhinal cortex.
  • These affected regions in women overlap with those impacted in the early stages of AD.

Conclusions:

  • BMD is associated with reduced GM volume in older women, particularly in brain areas relevant to AD.
  • The association between BMD and GM volume is less evident in older men.
  • These findings suggest a potential link between bone health and brain structure in aging, even in the absence of neurodegenerative disease.