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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

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Reprogramming Cancer Cells to Antigen-presenting Cells.

Alexandra G Ferreira1,2,3,4, Olga Zimmermannova1,2, Ilia Kurochkin1,2

  • 1Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

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|November 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Scientists reprogram cancer cells into antigen-presenting cells (APCs) using specific transcription factors. This method enhances T-cell responses against tumors, offering new avenues for cancer vaccines and therapies.

Keywords:
Antigen presentationCancer vaccineCell reprogrammingConventional type 1 dendritic cellsImmunogenicityImmunotherapyMagnetic-activated cell sortingTumor-APCs

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer cells often evade immune detection by suppressing antigen presentation.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell therapies show promise but depend on tumor immunogenicity.
  • Effective cancer treatment requires robust antigen presentation by tumor cells and dendritic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a protocol for directly reprogramming cancer cells into tumor-antigen-presenting cells (tumor-APCs).
  • To investigate the phenotype, function, and therapeutic potential of these reprogrammed tumor-APCs.

Main Methods:

  • Direct reprogramming of murine and human cancer cells using lentiviral delivery of cDC1 transcription factors (PU.1, IRF8, BATF3).
  • Characterization of tumor-APCs using flow cytometry for cell surface markers (CD45, MHC I/II, co-stimulatory molecules).
  • Functional assessment of antigen presentation to T cells and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Reprogrammed tumor-APCs acquired a cDC1-like phenotype and function within nine days.
  • Tumor-APCs effectively presented antigens to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.
  • Reprogrammed cells elicited anti-tumor responses in vivo and were targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Direct reprogramming offers a robust method to overcome cancer immune evasion by enhancing antigen presentation.
  • This platform holds potential for developing novel cancer vaccines, neoantigen discovery, and expanding tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.