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Differential gene expression during floral transition in pineapple.

Robert E Paull1, Najla Ksouri2, Michael Kantar1

  • 1Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii USA.

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Summary

Ethylene treatment induces flowering in pineapple by altering gene expression, promoting the transition from vegetative growth to floral development. Key genes like APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) are crucial for this process.

Keywords:
AGAMOUSAPETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL)Flowering Locus TTrans‐Cis motifsethylene response transcription factorsfloral transitionflower regulators

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Commercial flowering in pineapple and ornamental bromeliads is induced using ethylene or its analogs.
  • Ethylene treatment triggers a shift from vegetative to floral meristem in the plant apex.
  • Morphological changes are observed within 8–10 days, with flowering occurring 8–10 weeks later.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying ethylene-induced flowering in pineapple.
  • To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key regulatory pathways involved in floral transition.
  • To develop a model for ethylene response in pineapple flowering.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling across eight sampling stages (6 hours to 8 days post-treatment).
  • Analysis of differential gene expression (DE) following ethylene application.
  • Prediction of target genes for ethylene response transcription factors (ERTFs).

Main Results:

  • Over 7961 genes showed differential expression post-ethylene treatment.
  • Three ERTFs were upregulated, targeting genes like CONSTANS-like 3 (CO), WUSCHEL, APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL), and jasmonic acid synthesis genes.
  • Genes including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), TERMINAL FLOWER (TFL), AGAMOUS-like APETELAR (AP2), and SEPETALA (SEP) rapidly increased within 2–3 days.

Conclusions:

  • Ethylene directly promotes vegetative-to-flower transition in pineapple via AP1/FUL, interacting with SPL, FT, TFL, SEP, and AP2.
  • Pineapple has lost the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C.
  • Identified candidate genes offer targets for genetic manipulation to understand their role in floral transition.