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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis
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Epigenetic changes induced by pathogenic Chlamydia spp.

Richard A Stein1, Lily M Thompson1

  • 1NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.

Pathogens and Disease
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Chlamydia bacteria manipulate host cell epigenetics, including DNA methylation and microRNA, to cause disease. Understanding these epigenetic changes is key to developing new therapies and biomarkers for Chlamydia infections.

Keywords:
ChlamydiaDNA methylationhistone post-translational modificationsmicroRNApathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epigenetics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chlamydia species cause various human diseases, including respiratory and urogenital infections.
  • Chlamydia infections are linked to chronic conditions like atherosclerosis and ovarian cancer.
  • Chlamydia are obligate intracellular bacteria with complex pathogenic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetic modifications in Chlamydia pathogenesis.
  • To understand how Chlamydia spp. manipulate host cell epigenetics for survival and disease.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers related to Chlamydia-induced epigenetic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro, animal, and human studies on Chlamydia and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of Chlamydia's modulation of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs.
  • Investigation of epigenetic mechanisms in Chlamydia-associated pathologies.

Main Results:

  • Chlamydia spp. modulate DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs.
  • These epigenetic changes are implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, DNA repair interference, and immune evasion.
  • Chlamydia utilizes epigenetic alterations to prevent apoptosis and maintain mitochondrial integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are crucial for Chlamydia pathogenesis and host cell manipulation.
  • Targeting Chlamydia-induced epigenetic changes offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into Chlamydia's epigenetic interactions can lead to improved diagnostics and treatments.