Histone Modifications and Their Contributions to Hypertension

Essential hypertension, a multifaceted disorder, is a worldwide health problem. A complex network of genetic, epigenetic, physiological, and environmental components regulates blood pressure (BP), and any dysregulation of this network may result in hypertension. Growing evidence suggests a role for epigenetic factors in BP regulation. Any alterations in the expression or functions of these epigenetic regulators may dysregulate various determinants of BP, thereby promoting the development of hypertension. Histone posttranslational modifications are critical epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in hypertension. Several studies have demonstrated a clear association between the increased expression of some histone-modifying enzymes, especially HDACs (histone deacetylases), and hypertension. In addition, treatment with HDAC inhibitors lowers BP in hypertensive animal models, providing an excellent opportunity to design new drugs to treat hypertension. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of different histone modifications to the regulation of BP.