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Updated: Jul 9, 2025

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Spreadable Magnetic Soft Robots with On-Demand Hardening.

Zichen Xu1, Yuanhe Chen1, Qingsong Xu1

  • 1Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.

Research (Washington, D.C.)
|November 30, 2023
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Summary

Researchers developed programmable magnetic soft robots from magnetic particles and non-Newtonian fluids. These robots can harden on demand, adhere to surfaces, and lift objects 300 times their weight for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Magnetically actuated mobile robots offer wireless, programmable control for medical applications.
  • Current magnetic robots face challenges in complex scenarios, requiring more flexible deployment and utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and utilize magnetic soft robots with enhanced functionalities.
  • To develop programmable hardening, adhesion, and reconfigurability in magnetic soft robots.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of soft robots using a mixture of magnetic particles and non-Newtonian fluidic soft materials.
  • Utilizing ultrasoft structure and adhesion for deployment on various surfaces.
  • Implementing on-demand programmable hardening to enhance stiffness.

Main Results:

  • The magnetic soft robots demonstrated programmable hardening, adhesion, and reconfigurability.
  • Robots successfully grasped and actuated objects 300 times heavier than their own weight.
  • Programmable hardening enabled maximized force outputs for the soft robots.

Conclusions:

  • The developed magnetic soft robots offer improved functionality for robotic end-effectors and functional surfaces.
  • This technology provides a promising approach for designing and leveraging magnetic robots in demanding applications.
  • The ability to programmatically alter stiffness opens new avenues for soft robotic systems.