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Related Concept Videos

Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration01:02

Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production occurs. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent arterioles....
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Detection of MicroRNA Expression in the Kidneys of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathic Mice
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Detection of MicroRNA Expression in the Kidneys of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathic Mice

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IgA nephropathy.

Eleni Stamellou1,2, Claudia Seikrit2, Sydney C W Tang3

  • 1Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common kidney disease with varied symptoms. New targeted therapies show promise for treating IgAN, offering potential alternatives to corticosteroids.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis globally, posing a significant risk for kidney failure.
  • Manifestations range from asymptomatic hematuria to rapidly progressive disease.
  • The 'four-hit' hypothesis describes IgAN pathogenesis, involving galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), autoantibodies, immune complex formation, and glomerular deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) pathophysiology.
  • To discuss the limitations and controversies surrounding corticosteroid therapy for IgAN.
  • To highlight emerging targeted therapies for IgAN based on recent advances.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis and treatment guidelines.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for novel IgAN therapies.
  • Synthesis of information on supportive care and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • IgAN diagnosis requires kidney biopsy.
  • Supportive care is the primary treatment, with corticosteroid use debated due to efficacy and side effects.
  • Novel therapies targeting SGLT2 inhibitors, endothelin receptors, budesonide, B cells, and complement pathways are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding IgAN pathophysiology has spurred the development of targeted treatments.
  • New therapies offer potential for improved efficacy and safety profiles compared to traditional treatments.
  • Further research and clinical trials are crucial for optimizing IgAN management.