Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reason and Intuition

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective.
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Human versus AI in audiological practice: A comparative evaluation of ChatGPT and physician treatment decisions in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

PloS one·2026

Same author

fNIRS estimates prefrontal cortex activation following glucose load in youths with obesity.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026

Same author

Sensorimotor numerosity uniquely supports arithmetic development in children.

i-Perception·2026

Same author

Prevalence, seasonal patterns, and microbial co-occurrence of selected genital tract microorganisms in women attending a gynecological counseling service in Southern Italy.

BMC infectious diseases·2026

Same author

The Audiological Aspect of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Genes·2026

Same author

Does the magnitude of numbers cause lateral shifts of spatial attention (also taking into account directional counting habits and the speed of reaction times)?

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Top-down determinants of the numerosity-time interaction.

Irene Petrizzo¹, Michele Pellegrino², Giovanni Anobile¹

¹Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology, and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.

Scientific Reports

|November 30, 2023

Summary

Visual stimuli with more items (numerosity) are perceived as longer lasting. This effect depends on how participants judge duration, suggesting top-down cognitive processes influence magnitude perception.

More Related Videos

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Perception Science
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Previous research indicates larger visual stimuli are perceived as having longer durations.
This duration-size illusion diminishes with qualitative (same/different) judgments compared to quantitative (longer/shorter) judgments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between visual numerosity and perceived duration.
To determine if the numerosity-duration effect is modulated by response type and task demands.

Main Methods:

Participants judged the duration of dot clouds varying in numerosity.
Response types included quantitative (longer/shorter) and qualitative (same/different) judgments, as well as a time motor reproduction task.
Task difficulty and sensory precision were controlled and compared across experiments.

Main Results:

Larger numerosities were judged as longer lasting in quantitative tasks (Experiments 1 & 4).
No significant numerosity-duration effect was observed in qualitative tasks (Experiment 2) or the motor reproduction task (Experiment 3).
The observed interference was not attributable to differences in task difficulty or sensory precision.

Conclusions:

The functional interaction between numerosity and time perception is not primarily driven by shared bottom-up magnitude coding mechanisms.
High-level, top-down cognitive processes, particularly those involved in decision-making and response selection, play a critical role in mediating numerosity-time interference.
The use of magnitude-related response codes significantly influences cross-domain magnitude interactions.