RAB27B-regulated exosomes mediate LSC maintenance via resistance to senescence and crosstalk with the...

The fate of leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) is determined by both their inherent mechanisms and crosstalk with their niches. Although LSCs were confirmed to be eradicated by restarting senescence, the specific key regulators of LSC resistance to senescence and remodelling of the niche to obtain a microenvironment suitable for stemness remain unknown. Here, we found that RAB27B, a gene regulating exosome secretion, was overexpressed in LSCs and associated with the poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. The increased RAB27B in LSCs prevented their senescence and maintained their stemness in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, the increased RAB27B expression in LSCs selectively promoted the loading and release of exosomes rich in senescence-inducing proteins by direct combination. Furthermore, RAB27B-regulated LSC-derived exosomes remodelled the niche and induced senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with increased RAB27B expression ex vivo and in vivo. The increased RAB27B in the senescent MSCs conversely promoted LSC maintenance ex vivo and in vivo via selective excretion of exosomes rich in stemness-promoting proteins. Therefore, we identified the specifically increased RAB27B in LSCs and their educated senescent MSCs as a hub molecule for LSC resistance to senescence and maintenance through crosstalk with its niche via selective exosome excretion.