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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Cyclic Polyesters with Closed-Loop Recyclability from A New Chemically Reversible Alternating Copolymerization.

Xiaoxian Lu1, Xun Zhang1, Chengjian Zhang1

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel method for creating cyclic and recyclable polyesters from cyclic anhydride and o-phthalaldehyde. This efficient process yields high-purity polymers that can be fully recycled, offering a sustainable solution for polyester production.

Keywords:
alternating copolymerizationcyclic polymerspolyestersrecyclable polymerssustainable polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials

Background:

  • Cyclic polyesters with inherent chemical recyclability are highly sought after.
  • Developing efficient synthesis routes for these materials remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first synthesis of cyclic and recyclable polyesters via alternating copolymerization.
  • To demonstrate a facile and efficient method for producing these advanced polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Alternating copolymerization of cyclic anhydride and o-phthalaldehyde.
  • Utilizing common Lewis/Brønsted acids as catalysts at 25 °C.
  • Kinetic and thermodynamic studies to confirm chemical reversibility.

Main Results:

  • High yields of well-defined cyclic polyesters achieved within 1 hour.
  • Polymers exhibit high-purity cyclic topology and tunable structures.
  • Demonstrated closed-loop chemical recyclability of the synthesized polyesters.

Conclusions:

  • A facile and efficient method for synthesizing cyclic polyesters with closed-loop recyclability has been established.
  • This work provides a sustainable approach to polyester production and recycling.