Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.2K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.2K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

2.7K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.7K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.5K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.5K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.4K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.9K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.9K
Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles01:29

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

3.3K
The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The influence of water on the dynamics of alternating polymers P(C<sub>4</sub>EG<sub>4</sub>) and P(C<sub>8</sub>EG<sub>4</sub>) by broadband dielectric spectroscopy.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same author

Backbone Dynamics of Bottlebrush Polymers Studied by Neutron Scattering.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Accelerating ion transport by dynamic asymmetry of alternating polymer electrolytes.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

Cyclic Polymers as Nanoscale Platforms for Enzyme Encapsulation and Transport.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Importance of end-block contributions in the single chain dynamics of unentangled polymer melts.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025
Same author

Dynamics of amphiphilic PEG-PDMS-PEG triblock copolymer assemblies.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
08:00

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

6.9K

Segmental relaxation of sequence defined polymers.

Karin J Bichler1, Bruno Jakobi1, Gerald J Schneider1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|December 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The study investigated sequence-defined polymers P(CnEG4) using dielectric spectroscopy. Results show polymer dynamics are influenced by molecular weight and C-unit length, affecting segmental relaxation and glass transition temperature.

Keywords:
dielectric spectroscopysegmental relaxationsequence defined polymer

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

7.9K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

21.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
08:00

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

6.9K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

7.9K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

21.8K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding polymer dynamics is crucial for designing materials with specific properties.
  • Sequence-defined polymers offer precise control over polymer architecture and behavior.
  • Dielectric spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing polymer relaxation dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamical behavior of sequence-defined polymers P(CnEG4).
  • To understand the influence of molecular weight and C-unit length on polymer relaxation.
  • To correlate segmental relaxation with the glass transition temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Dielectric spectroscopy was employed to study the dynamical behavior.
  • Analysis of segmental and secondary relaxation processes.
  • Determination of relaxation times and glass transition temperatures.

Main Results:

  • A segmental relaxation and a secondary relaxation were observed.
  • Segmental relaxation times depend on molecular weight at low temperatures, but this effect diminishes at higher temperatures.
  • Increasing C-unit length accelerates segmental relaxation and decreases the glass transition temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamical behavior of P(CnEG4) polymers is sensitive to molecular weight and sequence length.
  • Accelerated segmental relaxation with increasing C-unit length leads to a lower glass transition temperature.
  • These findings provide insights into structure-property relationships in sequence-defined polymers.