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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
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Continuous and efficient elastocaloric air cooling by coil-bending.

Xueshi Li1, Peng Hua2,3, Qingping Sun4,5

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

Nature Communications
|December 2, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new elastocaloric cooling method uses NiTi coil-bending for eco-friendly air conditioning. This approach achieves significant cooling with low force and high efficiency, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional refrigerants.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Elastocaloric cooling offers an eco-friendly alternative to greenhouse-gas refrigerants.
  • Current elastocaloric cooling methods face limitations due to high driving forces and low efficiencies in uniaxial loading.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-force, energy-efficient elastocaloric air cooling system.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of a coil-bending approach using NiTi ribbons/wires.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized NiTi ribbons/wires in a coil-bending configuration for elastocaloric cooling.
  • Measured temperature drop, specific cooling power, and specific driving force.
  • Assessed system coefficient of performance and specific heat transfer area.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a continuous cold outlet air temperature drop of 10.6 K.
  • Obtained a specific cooling power of 2.5 W/g at a low specific driving force of 26 N/g.
  • Demonstrated a system coefficient of performance of 3.7, attributed to a large specific heat transfer area (12.6 cm²/g).

Conclusions:

  • The coil-bending NiTi system provides an efficient and low-force elastocaloric cooling solution.
  • This method presents a competitive performance compared to other caloric air coolers.
  • The developed approach shows promise for sustainable and efficient air conditioning applications.