Precise synthesis and photovoltaic properties of giant molecule acceptors

Series of giant molecule acceptors DY, TY and QY with two, three and four small molecule acceptor subunits are synthesized by a stepwise synthetic method and used for systematically investigating the influence of subunit numbers on the structure-property relationship from small molecule acceptor YDT to giant molecule acceptors and to polymerized small molecule acceptor PY-IT. Among these acceptors-based devices, the TY-based film shows proper donor/acceptor phase separation, higher charge transfer state yield and longer charge transfer state lifetime. Combining with the highest electron mobility, more efficient exciton dissociation and lower charge carrier recombination properties, the TY-based device exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.32%. These results indicate that the subunit number in these acceptors has significant influence on their photovoltaic properties. This stepwise synthetic method of giant molecule acceptors will be beneficial to diversify their structures and promote their applications in high-efficiency and stable organic solar cells.