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Migraine headache pathophysiology.

Anna P Andreou1, Ana D Pereira2

  • 1Headache Research-Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases (CARD), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Headache Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|December 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine headaches, a disabling symptom, involve the trigeminal system and neurotransmitters like glutamate. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released by the trigeminal system is crucial for headache neurobiology.

Keywords:
CGRPCentral sensitizationGlutamateHypothalamusPeripheral sensitizationThalamusTrigeminal systemTrigeminovascular system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Headache is the most disabling symptom in episodic and chronic migraine.
  • Migraine pathophysiology is extensively studied, with the trigeminal system playing a key role.
  • Understanding the neurobiology of migraine headache is critical for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the trigeminal system in migraine headache pathophysiology.
  • To investigate the involvement of glutamate and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine.
  • To elucidate the contribution of peripheral and central sensitization to migraine development and chronification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on migraine pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of the role of neurotransmitters, including glutamate.
  • Examination of the function of the trigeminal system and CGRP.
  • Investigation of sensitization mechanisms in trigeminal sensory processing.

Main Results:

  • The trigeminal system and its central processing are vital in migraine headache.
  • Glutamate drives activation of trigeminal and trigeminothalamic pathways.
  • Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is crucial in headache neurobiology.
  • Peripheral and central sensitization contribute to migraine attacks and chronification.

Conclusions:

  • The trigeminal system, glutamate, and CGRP are key players in migraine headache.
  • Sensitization processes are fundamental to migraine development and maintenance.
  • Further research into these pathways may lead to novel migraine therapies.